Docker Multi-Stage Build Optimization

I need help creating an optimized Dockerfile using multi-stage builds for my application.

Application details:
- Language/Framework: [e.g., Node.js, Python, Go, Java]
- Build requirements: [e.g., npm install, pip install, go build]
- Runtime dependencies: [list runtime-only dependencies]
- Current image size: [if known]
- Target image size: [desired size]

Please create a multi-stage Dockerfile that:
1. Uses appropriate base images for build and runtime stages
2. Minimizes the final image size
3. Follows security best practices (non-root user, minimal packages)
4. Properly handles caching for faster builds
5. Includes health checks
6. Documents each stage with comments

Also explain the size reduction achieved and any trade-offs made.